ENDNOTES

1. National Council on Crime and Delinquency, and National Council of Juvenile Court Judges, Guides for Juvenile Court Judges, New York, 1957, 3. Reprinted in Juvenile Justice Policy Statement, National Council on Crime and Delinquency, April 1991, 3.

2. Section 22 of the Act to Regulate the Treatment and Control of Dependent, Neglected and Delinquent Children, reprinted in Hurley, T., Origins of the Illinois Juvenile Court Law, 3rd ed., Chicago IL, Visitation and Aid Society, 1907, note #1, p. 39.

3. Carol S. Stevenson, J.D. et al., The Juvenile Court: Analysis and Recommendations, Future of Children: The Juvenile Court, Center for the Future of Children, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

4. Mark Hardin, American Bar Association Center on Children and the Law, Ten Years Later: Implementation of Public Law 96-272 by the Courts, 51-2.

5. Ron Kokish's web site at http://www.northcoast.com/

6. H. Ted Rubin, the Nature of the Court Today in the Future of Children: the Juvenile Court, vol 6, no. 3, Winter 1996, Center for the Future of Children, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

7. Edward Humes, No Matter How Loud I Shout, Simon & Shuster, New York, 1996.

8. Jill Wolfson and John Hubner, Somebody Else's Children, Crown Books, New York, 1996

9. Joel Bellows, et al, The Report of the Independent Committee to Inquire in the Practices, Processes and Proceedings in the Juvenile Court as They Relate to the Joseph Wallace Case, Chicago, 1993; and Why Leave Children with Bad Parents?, Newsweek, April 25, 1994, 52-56.

10. Marjorie Kelly, Deputy Director of Children and Family Services Division of the California Department of Social Services, in an interview, August 11, 1997 and before the Los Angeles County Commission on Children and Families, February 2, 1998.

11. From literature of the Missouri Parents as Teachers Programs

12. Binghampton, NY, Community Resource Center, 1994.

13. Pflannenstiel, 1991 as reported in Spectrum, Fall 1994, 28

14. Office of Juvenile Justice Delinquency Planning (OJJDP), Guide for Implementing the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders, 58

15. Teresa Woodward, R.N. presenter, Children's Defense Fund Annual Conference, March 26, 1998, Los Angeles.

16. Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA), August 27, 1997, 638

17. Joy M. Rouse, in Spectrum, Fall 1994, 28

18. Marjorie Kelly, before the Los Angeles County Commission on Children and Families, February 2, 1998.

19. Ibid

20. Wagner, Home the First Classroom, SRI International, 1992.

21. Wagner, February 1993 report for the Center for the Future of Children, David and Lucile Packard Foundation.

22. June Payne, trainer for parent educators for PIAR, a program of the Aga Khan Education Board for the U.S.A.

23. Child Protection and Substance Abuse Treatment Agencies Working Together, a workshop at the 1998 annual Children's Defense Fund Conference in Los Angeles.

24. Nancy K. Young, & Sydney Gardner, Children and Family Futures, Irvine, CA, Implementing Welfare Reform: Solutions to the Substance Abuse Problem, 1997, 32.

25. Shasta County Children at Risk, 1997, Redding Area League of Women Voters, P. O. Box 991463, Redding CA 96099-1463, $5, page 30.

26. Protecting Children From Domestic Violence: New Collaborations Between Child Protection and Domestic Violence Agencies, Children's Defense Fund Conference, March, 1998.

27. Ibid.

28. Ibid.

29. Martha B. Witwer and Cheryl A. Crawford, A Coordinated Approach to Reducing Family Violence: Conference Highlights, A publication of the National Institute of Justice and the American Association, NJC 155184, October 1995.

30. Ibid, 2.

31. Ibid, 5.

32. Ibid, 5.

33. Protecting Children from Domestic Violence, op. cit.

34. Martha Witwer, op. cit., 6, 7.

35. Protecting Children from Domestic Violence, op. cit.

36. Ibid.

37. Michael Groetsch, He Promised He'd Stop, CPI., 1997, as quoted in Dear Abby, San Francisco Chronicle, June 19, 1998.

38. Bob Fellmeth, op. cit., 4-27

39. Ibid, 4-28, 29

40. Ibid, 4-35, 36

41. Ibid, 4-37

42. Ibid, 4-37

43. Child Welfare League of America, Inc., Child Abuse and Neglect: A Look at the States, 1997 CWLA Stat Book, 3.

44. Marjorie Kelly, before the Los Angeles County Commission for Children and Families, February 2, 1998 and in an interview with the League of Women Voters.

45. H. Ted Rubin, op. cit., 4-28.

46. Little Hoover Commission, 22.

47. LAO, op. cit., 23.

48. County Welfare Directors Association of California, Chief Probation Officers Association of California and California Mental Health Directors Association of California, 10 Reasons to Invest in the Families of California, as quoted in the Little Hoover Commission report, op. cit., 22.

49. Little Hoover Commission, Mending Our Broken Children: Restructuring foster Care in California, April 1992, 99, footnote 22.

50. Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO), Child Abuse and Neglect in California, Part 4: Cost of Child Abuse and Neglect, downloaded from http.//www.LAO.CA.GOV.cw11096toc.html

51. Little Hoover Commission, op. cit., 12

52. Ibid, 15

53. Jill Wolfson and John Hubner, op. cit., 11.

54. Richard P. Barth, Mark Courtney, Jill Duerr Berrick, and Vicky Albert, From Child Abuse to Permanency Planning: Child Welfare Services Pathways and Placements, 1997, Chapter 8: Specialized Foster Care: A Home for Children With Special Needs, 192.

55. Ibid, 181-182

56. California Welfare and Institutions Code (W&I Code) Sections 361.3 and 281.5

57. Recent Trends in Kinship Care: Public Policy, Payments, and Outcomes for Children (in press).

58. Ibid

59. Ibid

60. Unless Linda Lewis is cited as the reference, all the information in this article came from John Hubner & Jill Wolfson, Somebody Else's Children: The Courts, The Kids, and the Struggle to Save America's Troubled Families, 1996, Crown Publishers, New York, 212 thru 215.

61. Linda Lewis, Executive Director of The Association of Children's Services Agencies (ACSA), in Los Angeles County, in an interview with the League of Women Voters, November 26, 1997

62. Ibid

63. Ibid

64. Department of Social Services

65. Implementing Wraparound: Individualized Care Strategies for Children, Youth and Families, Resource Articles, State Wide Wraparound Training Program, August-September, 1996. Page A2

66. Department of Social Services

67. Marjorie Kelly, before the Los Angeles County Commission for Children and families, February 2, 1998.

68. Los Angeles County Commission for Children and Families meeting, February 2, 1998.

69. John E. VanDenBerg, Ph.D. and Mary Grealish, MED.., Recommended Practices, E27

70. Institute for Research on Women and Families, Center for California Studies, California State University, Sacramento, Code Blue: Health Services for Children in Foster Care, March 1998, 1.

71. Ibid, 3.

72. Ibid, 2, Table 1.

73. Series of articles in the Los Angeles Times on the administration of drugs to foster children, May 17, 19, 22, and 31, and June 10, 1998.

74. Northern California Managed Care for Foster Children Task Force, discussed at one of their meetings, attended by a League observer.

75. Mary Ann Xavier, executive director of Florence Crittenton Services of Orange County, a group home in Fullerton for abused and neglected children, LA Times, Orange County Edition, May 31, 1998

76. Carol Brown, Child Health and Disability Prevention Deputy Director, Berkeley Department of Health and Human Services and member of the California Foster Children's Health Project Task Force in a conversation with the League.

77. Code Blue, Health Services for Children in Foster Care, 5

78. Fellmeth, op. cit., 4-8.

79. Ibid, 4-19, Northern California Managed Care for Foster Children Task Force.

80. Northern California Managed Care for Foster Children Task Force.

81. Fellmeth, op cit., 4-19, Northern California Managed Care for Foster Children Task Force.

82. Glenda O'Donnell, Foster Nurse, City of Berkeley Health and Human Services Department.

83. Fellmeth, op. cit., 4-14.

84. Ibid, 4-14 thru 16.

85. Ibid, 4-16, 17.

86. Institute for Research on Women and Families, op. cit., 3.

87. Ibid, 16.

88. Jill Duerr Berrick and Mark Duerr, Preventing Child Neglect: A Study of an In-Home Program for Children and Families, in Child Welfare Research Review, vol. 2, Columbia University Press, 63, 64.

89. Child Welfare Research Center, Performance Indicators for Child Welfare Services in California: 1996, 32, 98.

90. Berrick, op. cit., 64.

91. Richard Barth, Mark Courtney, Jill Duerr Berrick, and Vicky Albert, From Child Abuse to Permanency Planning: Child Welfare Services Pathways and Placements, Aldine de Gruyer, N.Y., 1994, 56.

92. Ibid, 64.

93. Ibid, 72, 73.

94. Ibid, 73.

95. Berrick, op. cit., 65, 66.

96. Ibid, 78.

97. Susan Rose and William Meezan, Defining Child Neglect: Evolution, Influences, and Issues, in Child Welfare Research Review, vol 2, Columbia University Press, New York, 13.

98. Ibid, 23-25.

99. United States General Accounting Office (GAO) Foster Care: Parental Drug Abuse Has Alarming Impact on Young Children, April 1994, 2.

100. Jill Duerr Berrick in an interview with the League, June 30, 1997.

101. Jill Wolfson and John Hubner, op. cit., 327.

102. Amy Bullock, Elizabeth Grimes and Joan McNamara, Bruised Before Birth: parenting children exposed to parental substance abuse, Family Resources, 348 Lake Point Lane, Belews Creek, N.C. 27009, 1-2.

103. Barth, op. cit., 192

104. Ibid, 185

105. Carol Vernon, Program Head, Long Beach Child/Adolescent Program, Los Angeles County Department of Mental Health.

106. Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO) op. cit., 32.

107. Mark E. Courtney, Richard P. Barth, Jill Duerr Berrick, Devon Brooks, Barbara Needel, and Linda Park, Race and Child Welfare Services: Past Research and Future Directions, Child Welfare League of America, 1996, 125-132.

108. Report of the First African American Child Welfare Summit Convened by the Black Administrators in Child Welfare, Inc., Children in Social Peril: A Community Vision for Preserving Family Care of African American Children and Youth, Child Welfare League of America Press, Washington, DC, 8,9.

109. Ibid, 43.

110. Ibid, 15.

111. Ibid, 34, 35.

112. Nora Baladerian, Psychologist, Director, Spectrum Institute,at the ICAN Conference, Los Angeles, 1997.

113. Aspira Foster & Family Services, 1-800-439-1905.

114. Cynthia Beatty, Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) , Parents in Prison: Children in Crisis, An Issue Brief, CWLA Press, Washington, D. C., 1997, 2, 3.

115. Ibid, 5-7.

116. County Welfare Directors Association of California Issue Paper: Child Welfare Services in California, 1998

117. Cynthia Beatty, op. cit., 6, 7.

118. Ibid, 11.

119. Ibid, 18, 19.

120. Ibid, 20, 21.

121. Cynthia Beatty, op. cit., 22, 23.

122. Ibid, 25.

123. Ibid, 25-31.

124. Meredith Minkler, professor of Public Health at U.C. Berkeley as quoted in the Berkeley Magazine.

125. Richard P. Barth, On their Own: the Experiences of Youth After Foster Care, page 419 & 420, Child and Adolescent Social Work, vol. 7, number 5, October 1990. Requests for reprints may be obtained from Richard P. Barth, School of Social welfare, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720.

126. Sharyn Logan, op. cit.

127. Barth, op. cit. 424, 429,430.

128. California Youth Connection State Wide Office, San Francisco, call 1-800-397-8236.

129. Workshop on Life After Foster Care, at Children's Defense Fund Conference, April 24-26, 1998, Los Angeles

130. Melissa Jonson-Reid, From Victims to Victimizers: Child Welfare Service Pathways and Incarceration for Serious and Violent Delinquency, a dissertation submitted for a Ph. D. in Social Welfare, U. C. Berkeley, 1997, 3

131. Jonson-Reid, op. cit., 3

132. Sabotta & Davis, 1992

133. Perez & Widom, 1994

134. Duncan, Saunders, Kilpatrick, Hanson & Resnick, 1996; Kurtz, Gaudin, Howing, & Wodarski, 1993

135. Widom, 1989

136. Duncan et al., 1996; Widom, Ireland & Glynn, 1995.

137. From Pilots to Policy: Schools, Communities, and Government Working Together for Children, Youth and Families, sponsored by The Foundation Consortium, The California Wellness Foundation, the Senate Office of Research, the Pacific Center for Violence Prevention, the newly-formed CCS Partnership (Cities, Counties, Schools), and Minorities in Law Enforcement, in San Francisco, March 11-12, 1998.

138. Little Hoover Commission, op. cit., vi.

139. Child Welfare Research Center Website at http://hav54.socwel.berkeley.edu/cssr/cwrc/cwrcpro.html

140. Ibid

141. Ibid

142. Ibid

143. Ibid

144. Ibid

145. Ibid

146. Ibid

147. John R. Schuerman, Tina L. Rzepnicki and Julia H. Littell, Putting Families First: An Experiment in Family Preservation, Aldine de Gruyer, New York, 244.

148. Ibid, 245.

149. Ibid, 246.

150. Ibid, 247.

151. CWS/CMS Functionality, DSS; CWS/CMS Overview, in Service Employees International Union, AFL-CIO, SEIU LOCAL 535 DRAGON, December 1997; comments at a Northern California Managed Care for Foster Children Task Force meeting.

152. California's Child Welfare Services Structured Decision Making Pilot Project, DSS.

153. Fred Wulczyn, Ph.D., Co-Director of the Multi-State Data Archive Project, University of Chicago, Chapin Hall Center for Children, at a Public Policy Forum, hosted by the California Department of Social Services, Sacramento, June 12, 1997.

154. Bob Fellmeth, CAI, California Children's Budget 1995-96, 7-6

155. Ibid, 1.

156. County Welfare Directors Association of California Public Policy Issue Paper, adopted June 12, 1998, Introduction.

157. Ibid, 5.

158. Ibid, 1-3.

159. Ibid, 4,5.

160. County Welfare Directors Association of California Public Policy Issue Paper, adopted June 12, 1998, 4-5.

161. Bob Fellmeth, op. cit., 8-9

162. Ibid, 4-35, 36

163. California Judicial Council, Special Report: Trial Court Funding Act of 1997, available by calling the Judicial Council Publications at 415-396-9118.

164. Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO), Child Abuse and Neglect in California: A Review of the Child Welfare Services Department 1991, 37

165. Bob Fellmeth, op. cit., 7-12

166. Bob Fellmeth, CAI, California Children's Budget 1997-98, 8-12

167. California Department of Social Services, California's Title IV-E Child Welfare Waiver

Demonstration Project, as approved by the Department of Health and Human Services on August 19, 1997

168. Judicial Council of California Ling-Range Strategic Plan, Leading Justice into the Future, adopted May 16, 1997.

169. Judge Leonard Edwards, Improving Juvenile Dependency Courts, Juvenile and Family Court Journal, vol. 48 no. 4, 1997, 1-23.

170. In a letter responding to questions from LWV member Barbara Emerich on March 2, 1998.

171. Kinship Care Policy Summit Planning Committee, Action Plan for Kinship Care in California, revised September 11, 1997, 17.

172. Ibid, 4.

173. Bob Fellmeth, op. cit., 8-12 to 17

174. Ibid, 8-24, 25

175. Ibid 8-9

176. County Welfare Directors Association of California Issue Paper, op. cit.

177. The Little Hoover Commission Report, Mending Our Broken Children: Restructuring Foster Care in California, April 1992, executive summary, pages i to vii.

178. Bob Fellmeth, CAI, California Children's Budget 1997-98, 8-4, 5.

179. Ibid, page 8-9.

180. Dr. Michael Olenick, supervisor of a Model Approach to Partnerships in Parenting program in LA, in interview,

181. Bob Fellmeth, op. cit., 8-9.

182. Child Welfare League of America, (CWLA) Child Abuse and Neglect: A Look at the States, 1997 CWLA Stat Book, xiv.

183. Ibid, 3.

Table of Contents.